WCDM 2023

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<p>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;In the face of escalating climate-induced geohazards, particularly in fragile mountainous ecosystems, the need to operationalize global disaster risk reduction frameworks at the local level has never been more urgent. In alignment with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the IPCC&amp;rsquo;s climate resilience strategies, Nippon Koei has developed and implemented a comprehensive Slope and Landslide Inventory Framework, based on state-of-the-art proven Japanese engineering excellence and tailored to the complex geomorphology of the Eastern Himalayas. This initiative exemplifies how global principles can be effectively translated into site-specific enduring engineering solutions, thereby enhancing road safety and infrastructure resilience in high-risk terrains.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;This paper emphasizes the global dialogue by presenting a scalable, evidence-based mechanism for disaster risk reduction, rooted in Nippon Koei&amp;rsquo;s decades-long expertise and commitment to sustainable development in high-risk geographies. A key innovation lies in the use of standardized slope inventory and risk matrices that quantify hazard likelihood and consequence severity. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;This slope and landslide inventory framework was applied to a 74 km strategic road corridor in Sikkim, a region characterized by steep slopes, fragile geology, and intense monsoonal activity, resulting in frequent landslides that frequently lead to loss of connectivity and impact livelihood during the Monsoon season every year. The inventory integrates multiple components: hazard mapping, detailed slope surveys, subsurface investigations, and countermeasure evaluation. These elements are synthesized into a geospatial database that supports both immediate decision-making and long-term planning. Unlike remote sensing tools alone, which offer macro-level insights, our approach ensures that critical micro-level data, such as soil composition, groundwater conditions, and slope deformation indicators, are captured through rigorous fieldwork and geotechnical testing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;This enables transparent prioritization of mitigation investments, moving beyond subjective assessments to evidence-based decision-making. Subsurface investigations, including borehole drilling and dynamic cone penetration testing, provide essential data for slope stability analysis, while photographic documentation and sketch reconnaissance enhance the reliability of field observations. The framework also incorporates a structured countermeasure planning process, evaluating alternative stabilization techniques based on technical feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and terrain adaptability. This ensures that interventions are not only scientifically sound but also practically implementable in remote and challenging environments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;By embedding these methodologies within a GIS-enabled platform, the framework facilitates efficient data retrieval, spatial analysis, and stakeholder communication. The system supports regular updates, enabling the detection of progressive slope deterioration and fostering proactive maintenance strategies. This institutionalization of knowledge contributes to long-term resilience and disaster loss reduction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;The current work in Sikkim demonstrates a replicable model for other mountainous regions facing similar challenges by showcasing how global frameworks can be localized through engineering precision, interdisciplinary collaboration, and adaptive planning. As climate change continues to amplify geohazard risks, such integrated mechanisms are vital for safeguarding infrastructure, communities, and ecosystems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;To summarize, the proposed integrated framework not only localizes global disaster risk reduction principles but also ensures that mitigation strategies are rooted in engineering precision and contextual relevance. This approach enables reliable and sustainable landslide risk management, offering a replicable model for climate-resilient infrastructure development in other vulnerable mountainous regions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</p>

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